Plant Physiology Preview
Published on December 23, 2005; 10.1104/pp.105.069690
OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE
Received August 19, 2005
Returned for revision November 4, 2005
Accepted November 5, 2005
A coumaroyl-ester-3-hydroxylase Insertion Mutant Reveals the Existence of Nonredundant meta-Hydroxylation Pathways and Essential Roles for Phenolic Precursors in Cell Expansion and Plant Growth
Nawroz Abdulrazzak , Brigitte Pollet , Jürgen Ehlting , Kim Larsen , Carole Asnaghi , Sebastien Ronseau , Caroline Proux , Mathieu Erhardt , Virginie Seltzer , Jean-Pierre Renou , Pascaline Ullmann , Markus Pauly , Catherine Lapierre , and Danièle Werck-Reichhart *
Department of Plant Metabolic Responses, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Université Louis Pasteur, 67000 Strasbourg, France
Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique-Unité Mixte de Recherche 206, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
Plant Cell Wall Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Golm, Germany
Unité de Recherche Génomique Végétale, 91057 Evry cedex, France
Department Cell Biology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Université Louis Pasteur, 67000 Strasbourg, France
* Corresponding author; email: daniele.werck{at}ibmp-ulp.u-strasbg.fr.
Cytochromes P450 monooxygenases from the CYP98 family catalyze the meta-hydroxylation step in the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway. The ref8 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant, with a point mutation in the CYP98A3 gene, was previously described to show developmental defects, changes in lignin composition, and lack of soluble sinapoyl esters. We isolated a T-DNA insertion mutant in CYP98A3 and show that this mutation leads to a more drastic inhibition of plant development and inhibition of cell growth. Similar to the ref8 mutant, the insertion mutant has reduced lignin content, with stem lignin essentially made of p-hydroxyphenyl units and trace amounts of guaiacyl and syringyl units. However, its roots display an ectopic lignification and a substantial proportion of guaiacyl and syringyl units, suggesting the occurrence of an alternative CYP98A3-independent meta-hydroxylation mechanism active mainly in the roots. Relative to the control, mutant plantlets produce very low amounts of sinapoyl esters, but accumulate flavonol glycosides. Reduced cell growth seems correlated with alterations in the abundance of cell wall polysaccharides, in particular decrease in crystalline cellulose, and profound modifications in gene expression and homeostasis reminiscent of a stress response. CYP98A3 thus constitutes a critical bottleneck in the phenylpropanoid pathway and in the synthesis of compounds controlling plant development. CYP98A3 cosuppressed lines show a gradation of developmental defects and changes in lignin content (40% reduction) and structure (prominent frequency of p-hydroxyphenyl units), but content in foliar sinapoyl esters is similar to the control. The purple coloration of their leaves is correlated to the accumulation of sinapoylated anthocyanins.
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