Plant Physiology Preview
Published on December 23, 2005; 10.1104/pp.105.070326
Received August 24, 2005
Returned for revision November 3, 2005
Accepted November 9, 2005
Transcript Analysis of Early Nodulation Events in Medicago truncatula
Dasharath Prasad Lohar , Natalya Sharopova , Gabriella Endre , Silvia Peñuela , Deborah Samac , Christopher Town , Kevin A.T. Silverstein , and Kathryn A. VandenBosch *
Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108
Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Genetics, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108; Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108; United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plant Science Research Unit, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108
The Institute for Genomic Research, Rockville, Maryland 20850
Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108; Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108
* Corresponding author; email: vande102{at}umn.edu.
Within the first 72 h of the interaction between rhizobia and their host plants, nodule primordium induction and infection occur. We predicted that transcription profiling of early stages of the symbiosis between Medicago truncatula roots and Sinorhizobium meliloti would identify regulated plant genes that likely condition key events in nodule initiation. Therefore, using a microarray with about 6,000 cDNAs, we compared transcripts from inoculated and uninoculated roots corresponding to defined stages between 1 and 72 h post inoculation (hpi). Hundreds of genes of both known and unknown function were significantly regulated at these time points. Four stages of the interaction were recognized based on gene expression profiles, and potential marker genes for these stages were identified. Some genes that were regulated differentially during stages I (1 hpi) and II (6-12 hpi) of the interaction belong to families encoding proteins involved in calcium transport and binding, reactive oxygen metabolism, and cytoskeleton and cell wall functions. Genes involved in cell proliferation were found to be up-regulated during stages III (24-48 hpi) and IV (72 hpi). Many genes that are homologs of defense response genes were up-regulated during stage I but down-regulated later, likely facilitating infection thread progression into the root cortex. Additionally, genes putatively involved in signal transduction and transcriptional regulation were found to be differentially regulated in the inoculated roots at each time point. The findings shed light on the complexity of coordinated gene regulation and will be useful for continued dissection of the early steps in symbiosis.
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