Plant Physiol. Illumina
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

Plant Physiology Preview
Published on February 3, 2006; 10.1104/pp.105.070334

This Article
Right arrow Full Text (Plant Physiology Preview (PDF))
Right arrow All Versions of this Article:
140/4/1475    most recent
pp.105.070334v1
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in Web of Science
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via CrossRef
Right arrow Citing Articles via Web of Science (6)
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Koga, J.
Right arrow Articles by Kono, T.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Koga, J.
Right arrow Articles by Kono, T.
Agricola
Right arrow Articles by Koga, J.
Right arrow Articles by Kono, T.

Received August 25, 2005
Returned for revision September 27, 2005
Accepted January 5, 2006

Cholic acid, a bile acid elicitor of hypersensitive cell death, pathogenesis-related protein, and phytoalexin accumulation in rice

Jinichiro Koga *, Hidetoshi Kubota , Shuichi Gomi , Kenji Umemura , Masao Ohnishi , and Toshiaki Kono

Food and Health R&D Laboratories, Meiji Seika Kaisha, Ltd., 5-3-1, Chiyoda, Sakado-shi, Saitama 350-0289, Japan
Microbiological Resources and Technology Laboratories, Meiji Seika Kaisha, Ltd., 788, Kayama, Odawara-shi, Kanagawa 250-0852, Japan
Agricultural & Veterinary Research Laboratories, Meiji Seika Kaisha, Ltd., 760, Morooka, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 222-8567, Japan
Department of Bioresource Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan

* Corresponding author; email: jinichiro_koga{at}meji.co.jp.

When plants interact with certain pathogens, they protect themselves by generating various defense responses. These defense responses are induced by molecules called elicitors. Since long ago, composts fermented by animal feces have been used as a fertilizer in plant cultivation, and recently, known to provide suppression of plant disease. Therefore, we hypothesized that the compounds from animal feces may function as elicitors of plant defense responses. As a result of examination of our hypothesis, an elicitor of rice defense responses was isolated from human feces, and its structure was identified as cholic acid, a primary bile acid in animals. Treatment of rice leaves with cholic acid induced the accumulation of antimicrobial compounds (phytoalexins), hypersensitive cell death, pathogenesis-related (PR) protein, and increased resistance to subsequent infection by virulent pathogens. Cholic acid induced these defense responses more rapidly than did fungal cerebroside, a sphingolipid elicitor isolated from Magnaporthe grisea. Furthermore, fungal cerebroside induced both types of rice phytoalexins, phytocassanes and momilactones, whereas cholic acid mainly induced phytocassanes, but not momilactones. In the structure-activity relationship analysis, the hydroxyl groups at C-7 and C-12, and the carboxyl group at C-24 of cholic acid contributed to the elicitor activity. These results indicate that cholic acid is specifically recognized by rice and is a different type of elicitor from fungal cerebroside. This report is the first to demonstrate that bile acid induced defense responses in plants.






HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH
ASPB Publications PLANT PHYSIOLOGY® THE PLANT CELL
Copyright © 2006 by the American Society of Plant Biologists