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Plant Physiology Preview Published on April 7, 2006; 10.1104/pp.105.072645
Received October 7, 2005 Transcriptome analysis of cold acclimation in barley albina and xantha mutants
Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA * Corresponding author; email: luigi.cattivelli{at}entecra.it.
Previously, we have shown that barley plants carrying a mutation preventing chloroplast development are completely frost susceptible as well as impaired in the expression of several cold-regulated genes. Here we investigated the transcriptome of barley albina and xantha mutants and the corresponding wild type (WT) to assess the effect of the chloroplast on expression of cold-regulated genes. First, by comparing control WT against cold hardened WT plants 2,735 probe sets with statistically significant changes (p = 0.05,
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2-fold change) were identified. Expression of these WT cold-regulated genes was then analyzed in control and cold hardened mutants. Only about 11% of the genes cold-regulated in WT were regulated to a similar extent in all genotypes (chloroplast-independent cold-regulated genes); this class includes many genes known to be under Cbf control. Cbf genes were also equally induced in mutants and WT plants. About 67% of WT cold-regulated genes were not regulated by cold in any mutant (chloroplast-dependent cold-regulated genes). We found that the lack of cold regulation in the mutants is due to the presence of signaling pathway(s) normally cold-activated in WT but constitutively active in the mutants, as well as to the disruption of low-temperature signaling pathway(s) due to the absence of active chloroplasts. We also found that photooxidative stress signaling pathway is constitutively active in the mutants. These results demonstrate the major role of the chloroplast in the control of the molecular adaptation to cold.
