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Published on January 13, 2006; 10.1104/pp.105.072652

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Received October 7, 2005
Returned for revision December 1, 2005
Accepted December 21, 2005

Poplar Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZymes). Gene identification and expression analyses

Jane Geisler-Lee , Matt Geisler , Pedro M. Coutinho , Bo Segerman , Nobuyuki Nishikubo , Junko Takahashi , Henrik Aspeborg , Soraya Djerbi , Emma Master , Sara Andersson-Gunnerås , Björn Sundberg , Stanislaw Karpinski , Tuula T. Teeri , Leszek A. Kleczkowski , Bernard Henrissat , and Ewa J. Mellerowicz *

Umeå Plant Science Center, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, SE-90183 Umeå Sweden
Umeå Plant Science Center, Department of Plant Physiology, SE-90187 Umeå Sweden
Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR6098, CNRS, Universités Aix-Marseille I & II, case 932, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille cedex 9, France
Royal Institute of Technology, School of Biotechnology, AlbaNova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
Umeå Plant Science Center, Department of Plant Physiology, SE-90187 Umeå Sweden; Department of Botany, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden

* Corresponding author; email: Ewa.Mellerowicz{at}genfys.slu.se.

Over 1,600 genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) in the Populus trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray) genome were identified based on sequence homology, annotated and grouped into families of glycosyltransferases, glycoside hydrolases, carbohydrate esterases, polysaccharide lyases and expansins. Populus had ca. 1.6 times more CAZyme genes than Arabidopsis. While most families were proportionally increased, xylan and pectin-related families were underrepresented and the GT1 family of secondary metabolite-glycosylating enzymes was overrepresented in Populus. CAZyme gene expression in Populus was analyzed using a collection of 100,000 ESTs from 17 different tissues and compared to microarray data for Populus and Arabidopsis. Expression of genes involved in pectin and hemicellulose metabolism was detected in all tissues, indicating a constant maintenance of transcripts encoding enzymes remodeling cell wall matrix. The most abundant transcripts encoded sucrose synthases that were specifically expressed in wood forming tissues along with cellulose synthase and homologues of KORRIGAN and EPL1. Woody tissues were the richest source of various other CAZymes transcripts, demonstrating the importance of this group of enzymes for xylogenesis. In contrast, there was little expression of genes related to starch metabolism during wood formation consistent with preferential flux of carbon to cell wall biosynthesis. Seasonally dormant meristems of Populus showed high prevalence of transcripts related to starch metabolism and surprisingly retained transcripts of some cell wall synthesis enzymes. The data showed profound changes in CAZyme transcriptome in different poplar tissues and pointed to some key differences in CAZyme genes and their regulation between herbaceous and woody plants.




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