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Published on January 20, 2006; 10.1104/pp.105.072660

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Received October 10, 2005
Returned for revision November 8, 2005
Accepted December 28, 2005

Control of floral meristem determinacy in Petunia by MADS box transcription factors

Silvia Ferrario , Anna V. Shchennikova , John Franken , Richard G. H. Immink , and Gerco C. Angenent *

Plant Research International, Business Unit Bioscience, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
Plant Research International, Business Unit Bioscience, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Centre of Bioengineering, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia

* Corresponding author; email: Gerco.angenent{at}wur.nl.

The shoot apical meristem (SAM), a small group of undifferentiated, dividing cells, is responsible for the continuous growth of plants. Several genes have been identified that control the development and maintenance of the SAM. Among these, WUSCHEL (WUS) from Arabidopsis is thought to be required for maintenance of a stem cell pool in the SAM. The MADS box gene AGAMOUS (AG), in combination with an unknown factor, has been proposed as a possible negative regulator of WUS, leading to the termination of meristematic activity within the floral meristem. Transgenic petunia plants were produced in which the E-type and D-type MADS box genes FBP2 and FBP11 respectively, are simultaneously overexpressed. These plants show an early arrest in development, at the cotyledon-stage. Molecular analysis of these transgenic plants revealed a possible combined action of FBP2 and FBP11 in repressing the petunia WUS homolog, TERMINATOR (TER). Furthermore, the ectopic upregulation of the C-type and D-type homeotic genes, FBP6 and FBP7 respectively, suggests that they may also participate in a complex, which causes the determinacy in the transgenic plants. These data support the model that a transcription factor complex consisting of C, D, and E-type of MADS box proteins control the stem cell population in the floral meristem.




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