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Published on December 29, 2005; 10.1104/pp.105.073163

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Received October 20, 2005
Returned for revision November 10, 2005
Accepted November 29, 2005

RED AND FAR-RED INSENSITIVE 2, a RING-domain zinc finger protein, mediates phytochrome-controlled seedling de-etiolation responses

Mingjie Chen and Min Ni *

Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA

* Corresponding author; email: nixxx008{at}tc.umn.edu.

Light is arguably the most important resource for plants, and an array of photosensory pigments enable plants to develop optimally in a broad range of ambient light conditions. The red and far-red light-absorbing photosensory pigments or phytochromes regulate seedling de-etiolation responses, photoperiodic flowering, and circadian rhythm. We have identified a long hypocotyl mutant under red and far-red light, rfi2-1 for red and far-red insensitive 2-1. rfi2-1 was also impaired in phytochrome-mediated end-of-day far-red light response, cotyledon expansion, far-red light block of greening, and light-induced expression of CAB3 and CHS. Introduction of rfi2-1 mutation into phyB-9 or phyA-211 did not enhance or suppress the long hypocotyl phenotype of phyB-9 or phyA-211 under red or far-red light, respectively, and RFI2 likely functions downstream of phyB or phyA. RFI2 was identified through the segregation of two T-DNA insertions into different recombinant lines, genetic rescue, and phenotypic characterization of a second mutant allele rfi2-2. RFI2 encodes a protein with a C3H2C3-type zinc finger or RING-domain known to mediate protein-protein or protein-DNA interactions, and RFI2 is localized to the nucleus. RFI2 therefore reveals a previously unidentified step that mediates phytochrome control of seedling de-etiolation responses.






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