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Published on February 3, 2006; 10.1104/pp.105.073213

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Received October 22, 2005
Returned for revision November 29, 2005
Accepted January 24, 2006

Dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMADP) and geranyl-diphosphate (GDP) pools of plant species characterized by different isoprenoid emissions

Isabel Nogués , Federico Brilli , and Francesco Loreto *

CNR - Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e Forestale, Via Salaria km. 29,300 - 00016 Monterotondo Scalo (Roma) ITALY

* Corresponding author; email: francesco.loreto{at}ibaf.cnr.it.

Dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMADP) and geranyl-diphosphate (GDP) are the last precursors of isoprene and monoterpenes emitted by leaves, respectively. DMADP and GDP pools were measured in leaves of plants emitting isoprene (Populus alba), monoterpenes (Quercus ilex, Mentha piperita) or non-emitting isoprenoids (Prunus persica). Detectable pools were found in all plant species, but P. persica showed the lowest pool size which indicates a limitation of the whole pathway leading to isoprenoid biosynthesis in non-emitting species. The pools of DMADP and GDP of non-emitting, isoprene-emitting and monotepene-emitting species were partially labelled (generally 40-60% of total carbon incorporated 13C) within the same time by which volatile isoprenoids are fully labelled (15 min). This indicates the co-existence of two pools for both precursors, the rapidly labelled pool presumably occurring in chloroplasts and thereby synthesized by the methylerythritol phosphate pathway, and the non-labelled pool presumably located in the cytosol and synthesized by the mevalonic pathway. In Mentha piperita, storing monoterpenes in specialized leaf structures, the GDP pool remained totally unlabelled, indicating either that monoterpenes are totally formed by the mevalonic pathway, or that labelling occurs slowly in comparison to the large pool of stored monoterpenes in this plant. The pools of DMADP and GDP increased from over the season (from May to July) but decreased when the leaf was darkened or exposed to very high temperature. In the dark, the pool of DMADP of the isoprene-emitting species decreased faster than the pool of GDP. However, after 6 h of darkness both pools were depleted to about 10% of the pool size in illuminated leaves. This indicates that both the chloroplastic and the cytosolic pools of precursors are depleted in the dark. When comparing measurements over the season and at different temperatures, an inverse correlation was observed between isoprene emission by P. alba and the DMADP pool size, and between monoterpene emission by Q. ilex and GDP pool size. This suggests that the pool size does not limit the emission of isoprenoids. It rather indicates that the flux of volatile isoprenoids effectively controls the size of their pools of precursors.




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