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Published on December 23, 2005; 10.1104/pp.105.073296

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Received October 24, 2005
Returned for revision November 15, 2005
Accepted November 15, 2005

The Onset of Gravisensitivity in the Embryonic Root of Flax

Zhong Ma and Karl H. Hasenstein *

Biology Department, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, Louisiana 70504-2451

* Corresponding author; email: hasenstein{at}louisiana.edu.

Vertical orientation of emerging roots typically is the first response of plants to gravity. Although root gravitropism has been studied extensively, no conclusive data on the onset of gravisensing exist. We determined the inception of gravisensitivity in flax (Linum usitatissimum) roots by clinorotating germinating seeds after various periods of static orientation (gravistimulation) of imbibed seeds. Gravitropic competency was established about 8 h after imbibition, 11 h prior to germination. The time was determined based on 50% of the newly emerged roots curving in the direction of the gravity vector during static imbibition, despite subsequent clinorotation. The threshold value was affected by the orientation of the seeds. Upward orientation of the micropyle/radicle reduced the number of graviresponding roots to about one-half. Prolonged clinorotation weakened the graviresponse. Gravisensing was accompanied by the development of amyloplasts, but the actin cytoskeleton was not involved because imbibition in Latrunculin B did not affect the onset of gravisensitivity or germination, and the development of F-actin in untreated controls was observed only after the onset of gravisensitivity.




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