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Published on December 29, 2005; 10.1104/pp.105.073668

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Received November 1, 2005
Returned for revision November 24, 2005
Accepted December 1, 2005

Ectopic expression of pumpkin gibberellin oxidases alters gibberellin biosynthesis and development of transgenic Arabidopsis plants

Abeer Radi , Theo Lange , Tomoya Niki , Masaji Koshioka , and Maria João Pimenta Lange *

Institut für Pflanzenbiologie der Technischen Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 4, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
National Institute of Floricultural Science, 2-1 Fujimoto, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8519, Japan

* Corresponding author; email: m.pimenta{at}tu-bs.de.

Immature pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) seeds contain Gibberellin (GA) oxidases with unique catalytic properties resulting in GAs of unknown function for plant growth and development. Over-expression of pumpkin GA 7-oxidase (CmGA7ox) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) resulted in seedlings with elongated roots, taller plants that flower earlier with only a little increase in bioactive GA4 levels compared to control plants. In the same way, over-expression of the pumpkin GA 3-oxidase1 (CmGA3ox1) resulted in a GA-overdose phenotype with increased levels of endogenous GA4. This indicates that, in Arabidopsis, 7-oxidation and 3-oxidation are rate limiting steps in GA plant hormone biosynthesis that control plant development. With an opposite effect, over-expression of pumpkin seed specific GA 20-oxidase1 (CmGA20ox1) in Arabidopsis resulted in dwarfed plants that flower late with reduced levels of GA4, and increased levels of physiological inactive GA17 and GA25, and, unexpected, GA34 levels. Severe dwarfed plants were obtained by over-expression of the pumpkin GA 2-oxidase1 (CmGA2ox1) in Arabidopsis. This dramatic change in phenotype was accompanied by a considerable decrease in the levels of bioactive GA4 and an increase in the corresponding inactivation product GA34 in comparison to control plants. In this study we demonstrate the potential of four pumpkin GA-oxidase encoding genes to modulate the GA plant hormone pool and, by this, alter plant stature and development.




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