Plant Physiology Preview
Published on February 17, 2006; 10.1104/pp.105.075515
Received December 16, 2005
Returned for revision February 4, 2006
Accepted February 4, 2006
Gain-of-Function Phenotypes of Many CLV3/ESR Genes, Including Four New Family Members, Correlate with Tandem Variations in the Conserved CLE Domain
Timothy J. Strabala *, Philip J. O'Donnell , Anne-Marie Smit , Charles Ampomah-Dwamena , E. Jane Martin , Natalie Netzler , Niels J. Nieuwenhuizen , Brian D. Quinn , Humphrey C. C. Foote , and Keith R. Hudson
AgriGenesis Biosciences Ltd., P. O. Box 50, Auckland, New Zealand
* Corresponding author; email: tim.strabala{at}scionresearch.com.
Secreted peptide ligands are known to play key roles in the regulation of plant growth, development and environmental responses. However, phenotypes for surprisingly few such genes have been identified via loss-of-function mutant screens. To begin to understand the processes regulated by the CLAVATA3/ESR (CLE) ligand gene family, we took a systems approach to gene identification and gain-of-function phenotype screens in transgenic plants. We identified four new CLE family members in the Arabidopsis thaliana L. Heynh genome sequence, and determined their relative transcript levels in various organs. Overexpression of CLV3 and the 17 CLE genes we tested resulted in premature mortality and/or developmental timing delays in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Overexpression of ten CLE genes and the CLV3 positive control resulted in arrest of growth from the shoot apical meristem (SAM). Overexpression of nearly all the CLE genes and CLV3 resulted in either inhibition or stimulation of root growth. CLE4 expression reversed the SAM proliferation phenotype of a clv3 mutant to one of SAM arrest. Dwarf plants resulted from overexpression of five CLE genes. Overexpression of new family members CLE42 and 44 resulted in distinctive "shrub-like" dwarf plants lacking apical dominance. Our results indicate the capacity for functional redundancy of many of the CLE ligands. Additionally, overexpression phenotypes of various CLE family members suggest roles in organ size regulation, apical dominance and root growth. Similarities among overexpression phenotypes of many CLE genes correlate with similarities in their CLE domain sequences, suggesting that the CLE domain is responsible for interaction with cognate receptors.
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