Plant Physiology Preview
Published on February 3, 2006; 10.1104/pp.105.076083
Received December 22, 2005
Returned for revision January 18, 2006
Accepted January 19, 2006
Protein profiling of plastoglobules in chloroplasts and chromoplasts; a surprising site for differential accumulation of metabolic enzymes
A. Jimmy Ytterberg , Jean-Benoit Peltier , and Klaas J. van Wijk *
Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
* Corresponding author; email: kv35{at}cornell.edu.
Plastoglobules (PGs) are oval or tubular, lipid-rich structures present in all plastid types, but their specific functions are unclear. PGs contain quinones,  -tocopherol and lipids and in chromoplasts also carotenoids. It is not known if PGs contain any enzymes or regulatory proteins. Here, we determined the proteome of PGs from chloroplasts of stressed and unstressed leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana, as well as from pepper (Capsicum annuum) fruit chromoplasts using mass spectrometry. Together, this showed that the proteome of chloroplast PGs consists of seven fibrillins, providing a protein coat and preventing coalescence of the PGs, and an additional 25 proteins likely involved in metabolism of isoprenoid derived molecules (quinones, tocochromanols), lipids and carotenoid cleavage. Four unknown ABC1 kinases were identified, possibly involved in regulation of quinone mono-oxygenases. Most proteins have not been observed earlier, but have predicted N-terminal chloroplast transit peptides and lack trans-membrane domains, consistent with localization in the PG lipid monolayer particles. Quantitative differences in PG composition in response to high light stress and degreening were determined by differential stable-isotope labeling using formaldehyde. More than 20 proteins were identified in the PG proteome of pepper chromoplasts and include four enzymes of carotenoid biosynthesis and several homologues of proteins observed in the chloroplast PGs. Our data strongly suggest that PGs in chloroplasts form a functional metabolic link between the inner envelope and thylakoid membranes and play a role in breakdown of carotenoids and oxidative stress defense, whereas PGs in chromoplasts are also an active site for carotenoid conversions.
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