Plant Physiology Preview
Published on July 14, 2006; 10.1104/pp.105.076232
Received December 23, 2005
Accepted July 4, 2006
Zn-dependent Global Transcriptional Control. Transcriptional De-regulation and Higher Gene Copy Number for Genes in Metal Homeostasis of the Hyperaccumulator Arabidopsis halleri
Ina N. Talke , Marc Hanikenne , and Ute Krämer *
Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
* Corresponding author; email: kraemer{at}mpimp-golm.mpg.de.
The metal hyperaccumulator Arabidopsis halleri exhibits naturally selected Zn and Cd hypertolerance and accumulates extraordinarily high Zn concentrations in its leaves. With these extreme physiological traits, A. halleri phylogenetically belongs to the sister clade of A. thaliana. Using a combination of genome-wide cross-species microarray analysis and real-time RT-PCR, a set of candidate genes is identified for Zn hyperaccumulation, Zn and Cd hypertolerance, and the adjustment of micronutrient homeostasis in A. halleri. Eighteen putative metal homeostasis genes are newly identified to be more highly expressed in A. halleri than in A. thaliana, and 11 previously identified candidate genes are confirmed. The encoded proteins include HMA4 known to contribute to root-shoot transport of Zn in A. thaliana. Expression of either AtHMA4 or AhHMA4 confers cellular Zn and Cd tolerance to Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Among further newly implicated proteins are IRT3 and ZIP10, which have been proposed to contribute to cytoplasmic Zn influx, and FRD3 required for iron partitioning in A. thaliana. In A. halleri, the presence of more than a single genomic copy is a hallmark of several highly expressed candidate genes with possible roles in metal hyperaccumulation and metal hypertolerance. Both A. halleri and A. thaliana exert tight regulatory control over Zn homeostasis at the transcript level. Zn hyperaccumulation in A. halleri involves enhanced partitioning of Zn from roots into shoots. The transcriptional regulation of marker genes suggests that in the steady-state, A. halleri roots - but not the shoots - act as physiologically Zn deficient under conditions of moderate Zn supply.
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