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Published on March 24, 2006; 10.1104/pp.105.076331

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Received December 27, 2005
Returned for revision February 4, 2006
Accepted March 20, 2006

Identification of primary target genes of phytochrome signaling: early transcriptional control during shade avoidance responses in Arabidopsis

Irma Roig-Villanova , Jordi Bou , Céline Sorin , Paul F. Devlin , and Jaime F. Martínez-García *

Departament de Genètica Molecular (IBMB), Laboratori de Genètica Vegetal, Consorci CSIC-IRTA, c. Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
Departament de Genètica Molecular (IBMB), Laboratori de Genètica Vegetal, Consorci CSIC-IRTA, c. Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010-Barcelona, Spain

* Corresponding author; email: jmggmg{at}ibmb.csic.es.

The phytochrome (phy) photoreceptors modulate plant development after perception of light conditions. Upon illumination of etiolated seedlings, phys initiate a transcriptional cascade by directly transducing light signals to the promoters of genes encoding regulators of morphogenesis. In light-grown plants, however, little is known about the transcriptional cascade modulated by phys in response to changes in light conditions. The phy entry points in this cascade are completely unknown. We are particularly interested in the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS). Here we describe a subset of 6 genes whose expression is rapidly modulated by phys during both de-etiolation and SAS in Arabidopsis thaliana. By using cycloheximide we provide evidence that 4 of these phy rapidly regulated (PAR) genes are direct targets of phy signaling during SAS, revealing these genes as upstream components of the transcriptional cascade. Promoter-GUS fusions confirmed that PAR genes are photoregulated at the transcriptional level. The analysis of gene expression in light signal transduction mutants showed that COP1 and DET1 (but not DET2 or HY5) play a role in modulating PAR expression in response to shade in light-grown seedlings. Moreover, genetic analyses showed that one of the genes identified as a direct target of phy signaling was PIL1. PIL1 has previously been implicated in SAS in response to transient shade but we show here that it also plays a key role in response to long term shade. The action of PIL1 was particularly apparent in a phyB background, suggesting an important negative role for PIL1 under dense vegetation canopies.




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