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Published on May 19, 2006; 10.1104/pp.106.077081

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Received January 13, 2006
Returned for revision March 30, 2006
Accepted April 30, 2006

Morphological Alteration Caused by Brassinosteroid Insensitivity Increases the Biomass and Grain Production of Rice

Yoichi Morinaka , Tomoaki Sakamoto , Yoshiaki Inukai , Masakazu Agetsuma , Hidemi Kitano , Motoyuki Ashikari , and Makoto Matsuoka *

Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
Field Production Science Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Nishi-Tokyo, Tokyo 188-0002, Japan

* Corresponding author; email: makoto{at}nuagr1.agr.nagoya-u.ac.jp.

The rice (Oryza sativa L.) dwarf mutant d61 phenotype is caused by loss of function of a rice BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 ortholog, OsBRI1. We have identified 9 d61 alleles, the weakest of which, d61-7, confers agronomically important traits such as semi-dwarf stature and erect leaves. Because erect-leaf habit is considered to increase light capture for photosynthesis, we compared the biomass and grain production of wild-type (WT) and d61-7 rice. The biomass of WT was 38% higher than that of d61-7 at harvest under conventional planting density because of the dwarfism of d61-7. However, the biomass of d61-7 was 35% higher than that of WT at high planting density. The grain yield of WT reached a maximum at mid-density, but the yield of d61-7 continued to increase with planting density. These results indicate that d61-7 produces biomass more effectively than WT, and consequently more effectively assimilates the biomass in reproductive organ development at high planting density. However, the small grain size of d61-7 counters any increase in grain yield, leading to the same grain yield as that of WT even at high density. We therefore produced transgenic rice with partial suppression of endogenous OsBRI1 expression to obtain the erect-leaf phenotype without grain changes. The estimated grain yield of these transformants was about 30% higher than that of WT at high density. These results demonstrate the feasibility of generating erect-leaved plants by modifying the expression of the brassinosteroid receptor gene in transgenic rice plants.




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