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Published on March 16, 2006; 10.1104/pp.106.077776

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Received January 25, 2006
Returned for revision February 17, 2006
Accepted March 13, 2006

Carbonic anhydrase and its influence on carbon isotope discrimination during C4 photosynthesis: Insights from antisense RNA in Flaveria bidentis

Asaph B. Cousins *, Murray Badger , and Susanne von Caemmerer

Molecular Plant Physiology Group, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601 Australia
Molecular Plant Physiology Group, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601 Australia; ARC CoE, Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601 Australia

* Corresponding author; email: asaph.cousins{at}anu.edu.au.

In C4 plants, carbonic anhydrase (CA) facilitates both the chemical and isotopic equilibration of atmospheric CO2 and bicarbonate (HCO3-) in the mesophyll cytoplasm. The CA-catalyzed reaction is essential for C4 photosynthesis and the model of carbon isotope discrimination ({Delta}13C) in C4 plants predicts that changes in CA activity will influence {Delta}13C. However, experimentally the influence of CA on {Delta}13C has not been demonstrated in C4 plants. Here we compared measurements of {Delta}13C during C4 photosynthesis in Flaveria bidentis wild-type plants with F. bidentis plants with reduced levels of CA due to the expression of antisense constructs targeted to a putative mesophyll cytosolic CA. Plants with reduced CA activity had greater {Delta}13C, which was also evident in the leaf dry matter carbon isotope composition ({delta}13C). Contrary to the isotope measurements, photosynthetic rates were not affected until CA activity was less the 20% of wild type. Measurements of {Delta}13C, the {delta}13C of leaf dry matter and rates of net CO2 assimilation were all dramatically altered when CA activity was less then 5% of wild type. Carbonic anhydrase activity in wild type Flaveria bidentis is sufficient to maintain net CO2 assimilation; however, reducing leaf CA activity has a relatively large influence on {Delta}13C often without changes in net CO2 assimilation. Our data indicates that the extent of CA activity in C4 leaves needs to be taken into account when using {Delta}13C and/or {delta}13C to model the response of C4 photosynthesis to changing environmental conditions.




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