Plant Physiology Preview
Published on May 5, 2006; 10.1104/pp.106.079202
Received February 13, 2006
Returned for revision March 13, 2006
Accepted May 1, 2006
Differential Roles of Arabidopsis Heterotrimeric G-Protein Subunits in Modulating Cell Division in Roots
Jin-Gui Chen , Yajun Gao , and Alan M. Jones *
Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; Departments of Biology and Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3280
Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
Departments of Biology and Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3280
* Corresponding author; email: alan_jones{at}unc.edu.
Signaling through heterotrimeric G-proteins is conserved in diverse eukaryotes. Compared to vertebrates, the simpler repertoire of G-protein complex and accessory components in Arabidopsis offers a unique advantage over all other multicellular, genetic-model systems for dissecting the mechanism of G-protein signal transduction. One of several biological processes that the G-protein complex regulates in Arabidopsis is cell division. We determined cell production rate in the primary root and the formation of lateral roots in Arabidopsis in order to define individually the type of modulatory roles of the respective G-protein alpha and beta subunits as well as the heterotrimer in cell division. The growth rate of the root is in part a consequence of cell cycle maintenance in the root apical meristem (RAM), while lateral root production requires meristem formation by founder pericycle cells. Thus, a comparison of these two parameters in various genetic backgrounds enabled dissection of the role of the G-protein subunits in modulation of cell division, both in maintenance and initiation. Cell production rates were determined for the RAM and lateral root formation in gpa1 (Arabidopsis G-protein  subunit) and agb1 (Arabidopsis G-protein  subunit) single and double mutants, and in transgenic lines overexpressing GPA1 or AGB1 in agb1 or gpa1 mutant backgrounds, respectively. We found in the RAM that the heterotrimeric complex acts as an attenuator of cell proliferation whereas the GTP-bound form of the G subunit's role is a positive modulator. In contrast, for the formation of lateral roots, the G dimer acts largely independently of the G subunit to attenuate cell division. These results suggest that Arabidopsis heterotrimeric G-protein subunits have differential and opposing roles in the modulation of cell division in roots.
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