Plant Physiology Preview
Published on July 14, 2006; 10.1104/pp.106.080515
Received March 15, 2006
Accepted July 12, 2006
Polyamine Oxidase Is One of the Key Elements for Oxidative Burst to Induce Programmed Cell Death in Tobacco Cultured Cells
Hiroshi Yoda *, Yoshinobu Hiroi , and Hiroshi Sano
Research and Education Center for Genetic Information, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan
* Corresponding author; email: h-yoda{at}bs.naist.jp.
Programmed cell death plays a critical role during the hypersensitive response in the plant defense system. One of components that triggers it is hydrogen peroxide, which is generated through multiple pathways. One example is proposed to be polyamine oxidation, but direct evidence for this has been limited. In this article, we investigated relationships among polyamine oxidase, hydrogen peroxide and programmed cell death using a model system constituted of tobacco cultured cell and its elicitor, cryptogein. When cultured cells were treated with cryptogein, programmed cell death occurred with a distinct pattern of DNA degradation. The level of hydrogen peroxide was simultaneously increased, along with polyamine oxidase activity in apoplast. With the same treatment in the presence of  -difluoromethylornithine, an inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis, production of hydrogen peroxide was suppressed, and programmed cell death did not occur. A gene encoding a tobacco polyamine oxidase which resides in apoplast was isolated and used to construct RNAi transgenic cell lines. When these lines were treated with cryptogein, polyamines were not degraded but secreted into culture medium, and hydrogen peroxide was scarcely produced, with a concomitant suppression of cell death. Activities of mitogen-activated protein kinases (wound- and salicylic acid-induced protein kinases) were also suppressed, indicating that phosphorylation cascade is involved in polyamine oxidation-derived cell death. These results suggest that polyamine oxidase is a key element for oxidative burst, which is essential for induction of programmed cell death, and that mitogen-activated protein kinase is one of factors that mediate this pathway.
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