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Published on May 12, 2006; 10.1104/pp.106.080945


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Received March 24, 2006
Returned for revision April 10, 2006
Accepted April 25, 2006

Surface position, not signaling from surrounding maternal tissues, specifies aleurone epidermal cell fate in maize

Darren (Fred) Gruis , Hena Guo , David Selinger , Qing Tian , and Odd-Arne Olsen *

Pioneer Hi-Bred International, A DuPont Company. Johnston, Iowa 50131, USA

* Corresponding author; email: oddol{at}umb.no.

Maize endosperm consists of an epidermal-like surface layer of aleurone cells, an underlying body of starchy endosperm cells and a basal layer of transfer cells. To determine if surrounding maternal tissues performs a role in specifying endosperm cell fates, a maize endosperm organ culture technique was established whereby the developing endosperm is completely removed from surrounding maternal tissues. Using cell type specific fluorescence markers, we show that aleurone cell fate specification occurs exclusively in response to surface position, and does not require specific, continued maternal signal input. The starchy endosperm and aleurone cell fates are freely interchangeable throughout the life-span of the endosperm with internalized aleurone cells converting to starchy endosperm cells and with starchy endosperm cells that become positioned at the surface converting to aleurone cells. In contrast to aleurone and starchy endosperm cells, transfer cells fail to develop in in vitro grown endosperm, supporting earlier indications that maternal tissue interaction is required to fully differentiate this cell type. Several parameters confirm that the maize endosperm organ cultures described herein retain the main developmental features of in planta endosperm including; fidelity of aleurone mutant phenotypes, the temporal and spatial control of cell type specific fluorescent markers, specificity of cell type transcripts and the control of mitotic cell divisions.




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