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Published on June 9, 2006; 10.1104/pp.106.081943

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Received April 12, 2006
Returned for revision May 10, 2006
Accepted May 30, 2006

Glyphosate-induced anther indehiscence in cotton is partially temperature-dependent and involves cytoskeleton and secondary wall modifications and auxin accumulation

Hagai Yasuor *, Mohamad Abu-Abied , Eduard Belausov , Anat Madmoni , Einat Sadot , Joseph Riov , and Baruch Rubin

R. H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
Institute of Plant Sciences, ARO, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel

* Corresponding author; email: yasuor{at}agri.huji.ac.il.

Yield reduction caused by late application of glyphosate to glyphosate-resistant cotton (GRC) expressing CP4-EPSPS under the CaMV-35S promoter has been attributed to male sterility. The present study was aimed to elucidate the factors and mechanisms involved in this phenomenon. Western and tissue print blots demonstrated a reduced expression of the transgene in anthers of GRC compared to ovules of the same plants. Glyphosate application to GRC grown at a high temperature regime after the initiation of flower buds caused a complete loss of pollen viability and inhibition of anther dehiscence, while at a moderate temperature regime, only 50% of the pollen grains were disrupted and anther dehiscence was normal. Glyphosate-damaged anthers exhibited a change in the deposition of the secondary cell wall thickenings (SWT) in the endothecium cells, from the normal longitudinal orientation to a transverse orientation, and hindered septum disintegration. These changes occurred only at the high temperature regime. The re-orientation of SWT in GRC was accompanied by a similar change in microtubule orientation. A similar re-orientation of microtubules was also observed in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings expressing GFP-tubulin (TUA6) following glyphosate treatment. Glyphosate treatment induced the accumulation of high levels of indole-3-acetic (IAA) in GRC anthers. Cotton plants treated with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic (2,4-D) acid had male sterile flowers, with SWT abnormalities in the endothecium layer similar to those observed in glyphosate-treated plants. Our data demonstrate that glyphosate inhibits anther dehiscence by inducing changes in the microtubule and cell wall organization in the endothecium cells, which are mediated by auxin.




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