Plant Physiology Preview Published on May 5, 2006; 10.1104/pp.106.082057
OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE
Received April 13, 2006
Returned for revision April 25, 2006
Accepted April 25, 2006
Proteomic Investigation of the Effect of Salicylic Acid on Arabidopsis Seed Germination and Establishment of Early Defense Mechanisms
Loïc Rajjou , Maya Belghazi , Romain Huguet , Caroline Robin , Adrien Moreau , Claudette Job , and Dominique Job *
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Bayer CropScience Joint Laboratory, UMR 2847 "Physiology of plants and fungi during infection" - Bayer CropScience, 14/20 rue Pierre Baizet, BP 9163, F-69263 Lyon cedex 09
Unité Mixte de Recherche N° 6175, Service de spectrométrie de masse pour la protéomique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Nouzilly, France
* Corresponding author; email: dominique.job{at}bayercropscience.com.
The influence of salicylic acid (SA) on elicitation of defense mechanisms in Arabidopsis seeds and seedlings was assessed by physiological measurements combined with global expression profiling (proteomics). Parallel experiments were carried out using the NahG transgenic plants expressing the bacterial gene encoding SA hydroxylase, which cannot accumulate the active form of this plant defense elicitor. SA markedly improved germination under salt stress. Proteomic analyses disclosed a specific accumulation of protein spots regulated by SA as inferred by silver-nitrate staining of two-dimensional gels, detection of carbonylated (oxidized) proteins and neosynthesized proteins with [35S]-Met. The combined results revealed several processes potentially affected by SA. This molecule enhanced the re-induction of the late maturation program during early stages of germination thereby allowing the germinating seeds to reinforce their capacity to mount adaptive responses in environmental water stress. Other processes affected by SA concerned the quality of protein translation, the priming of seed metabolism, the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes and the mobilization of seed storage proteins. All the observed effects are likely to improve seed vigor. Another aspect revealed by the present study concerned the oxidative stress entailed by SA in germinating seeds, as inferred from a characterization of the carbonylated (oxidized) proteome. Finally, the proteomic data revealed a close interplay between abscisic signaling and SA elicitation of seed vigor.
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