Plant Physiology Preview
Published on September 22, 2006; 10.1104/pp.106.082073
Received April 17, 2006
Accepted September 8, 2006
Large Expression Differences in Genes for Iron and Zinc Homeostasis, Stress Response and Lignin Biosynthesis Distinguish Arabidopsis thaliana and the Related Metal Hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens
Judith E. van de Mortel , Laia Almar Villanueva , Henk Schat , Jeroen Kwekkeboom , Sean Coughlan , Perry D. Moerland , Emiel Ver Loren van Themaat , Maarten Koornneef , and Mark G.M. Aarts *
Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Arboretumlaan 4, 6703 BD Wageningen, The Netherlands
Institute of Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
ServiceXS BV, Wassenaarseweg 72, 2333AL, Leiden, The Netherlands
Agilent Technologies Inc., Little Falls Site, 2850 Centerville Road, Wilmington, DE19808-1644, USA
Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam (UvA), Postbus 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
* Corresponding author; email: mark.aarts{at}wur.nl.
The micronutrient zinc has an essential role in physiological and metabolic processes in plants as a cofactor or structural element in 300 catalytic and non-catalytic proteins, but it is very toxic when available in elevated amounts. Plants tightly regulate their internal zinc concentrations in a process called zinc homeostasis. The exceptional zinc hyperaccumulator species Thlaspi caerulescens can accumulate up to 3% of zinc, but also high amounts of nickel and cadmium, without any sign of toxicity. This should have drastic effects on the zinc homeostasis mechanism. We examined in detail the transcription profiles of roots of Arabidopsis and T. caerulescens plants grown under deficient, sufficient and excess supply of zinc. A total of 608 zinc-responsive genes with at least a threefold difference in expression level were detected in Arabidopsis and 352 in T. caerulescens in response to changes in zinc supply. Only 14% of these genes were also zinc responsive in Arabidopsis. When comparing Arabidopsis with T. caerulescens at each zinc exposure, over 2200 genes were significantly differentially expressed ( 5-fold and false discovery rate < 0.05). While a large fraction of these genes are of yet unknown function, many genes with a different expression between Arabidopsis and T. caerulescens appear to function in metal homeostasis, in abiotic stress response and in lignin biosynthesis. The high expression of lignin biosynthesis genes corresponds to the deposition of lignin in the endodermis, of which there are two layers in T. caerulescens roots and only one in Arabidopsis.
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