Plant Physiology Preview
Published on September 1, 2006; 10.1104/pp.106.082107
Received April 13, 2006
Accepted August 15, 2006
Characterization of a MAPK Gene from Cucumber Required
for Trichoderma-conferred Plant Resistance
Michal Shoresh *, Amit Gal-On , Diana Leibman , and Ilan Chet
Department of Plant Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
Department of Virology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel.
* Corresponding author; email: ms534{at}cornell.edu.
The fungal biocontrol agent Trichoderma asperellum has been recently shown to induce systemic resistance in plants through a mechanism that employs jasmonic acid and ethylene signal-transduction pathways. MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) proteins have been implicated in the signal transduction of a wide variety of plant stress responses. Here we report the identification and characterization of a Trichoderma-Induced MAPK (TIPK) gene function in cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Similar to its homologues, WIPK, MPK3 and MPK3a, TIPK is also induced by wounding. Normally, pre-inoculation of roots with Trichoderma activates plant defense mechanisms, which result in resistance to the leaf pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans. We used a unique attenuated virus vector, Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV-AGII), to overexpress TIPK protein and antisense RNA. Plants overexpressing TIPK were more resistant to pathogenic bacterial attack than control plants, even in the absence of Trichoderma pre-inoculation. On the other hand, plants expressing TIPK-antisense revealed increased sensitivity to pathogen attack. Moreover, Trichoderma pre-inoculation could not protect these antisense plants against subsequent pathogen attack. We, therefore, demonstrate that Trichoderma exerts its protective effect on plants through activation of the TIPK gene, a MAPK that is involved in signal-transduction pathways of defense responses.
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