Plant Physiology Preview
Published on July 14, 2006; 10.1104/pp.106.082115
Received April 13, 2006
Accepted June 30, 2006
Wounding stimulates the accumulation of glycerolipids containing oxophytodienoic acid and dinor-oxophytodienoic acid in Arabidopsis leaves
Christen M. Buseman , Pamela Tamura , Alexis A. Sparks , Ethan J. Baughman , Sara Maatta , Jian Zhao , Mary R. Roth , Steven Wynn Esch , Jyoti Shah , Todd D. Williams , and Ruth Welti *
Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
Dept. of Biochemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506; University of Kansas Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045
University of Kansas Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045
* Corresponding author; email: welti{at}ksu.edu.
Although oxylipins can be synthesized from free fatty acids, recent evidence suggests that oxylipins are components of plastid-localized polar complex lipids in Arabidopsis thaliana. Using a combination of electrospray ionization collisionally-induced dissociation-time of flight mass spectrometry to identify acyl chains, electrospray ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometry in the precursor mode to identify the nominal masses of complex polar lipids containing each acyl chain, and electrospray ionization quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry to confirm the identifications of the complex polar lipid species, seventeen species of oxylipin-containing phosphatidylglycerols, monogalactosyldiacylglycerols (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerols (DGDG) were identified. The oxylipins of these polar complex lipid species include oxophytodienoic acid (OPDA), dinor-oxophytodienoic acid (dnOPDA), 18-carbon ketol acids, and 16-carbon ketol acids. Using electrospray ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometry in the precursor mode, the accumulation of five OPDA- and/or dnOPDA-containing MGDG and two OPDA-containing DGDG species were monitored as a function of time in mechanically wounded leaves. In unwounded leaves, the levels of these oxylipin-containing complex lipid species were low, between 0.001 and 0.023 nmol/mg dry weight. However, within the first 15 minutes after wounding, the levels of OPDA-dnOPDA MGDG, OPDA-OPDA MGDG, and OPDA-OPDA DGDG, each containing two oxylipin chains, increased 200- to 1000-fold. In contrast, levels of OPDA-16:3 MGDG, 18:3-dnOPDA MGDG, OPDA-18:3 MGDG, and OPDA-18:3 DGDG lipids, each containing a single oxylipin chain, rose 2- to 9-fold. The rapid accumulation of high levels of galactolipid species containing OPDA-OPDA and OPDA-dnOPDA in wounded leaves is consistent with these species being the primary products of plastidic oxylipin biosynthesis.
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