Plant Physiology Preview
Published on July 28, 2006; 10.1104/pp.106.082982
Received May 2, 2006
Accepted July 24, 2006
The Plant-like C2 Glycolate Pathway and the Bacterial-like Glycerate Cycle Cooperate in Phosphoglycolate Metabolism in Cyanobacteria
Marion Eisenhut , Shira Kahlon , Dirk Hasse , Ralph Ewald , Judy Lieman-Hurwitz , Teruo Ogawa , Wolfgang Ruth , Hermann Bauwe , Aaron Kaplan , and Martin Hagemann *
Universität Rostock, Institut Biowissenschaften, Pflanzenphysiologie, Einsteinstr. 3, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200032, China
Universität Rostock, Institut für Chemie, Einsteinstr. 3a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
* Corresponding author; email: martin.hagemann{at}uni-rostock.de.
The occurrence of a photorespiratory 2-phosphoglycolate metabolism in cyanobacteria is not clear. In the genome of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 we have identified open reading frames encoding enzymes homologous to those forming the plant-like C2 cycle and the bacterial-type glycerate pathway. To study the route and importance of 2-phosphoglycolate metabolism, the identified genes were systematically inactivated by mutagenesis. With a few exceptions, most of these genes could be inactivated without leading to a high CO2-requiring phenotype. Biochemical characterization of recombinant proteins verified that Synechocystis harbors an active serine hydroxymethyltransferase and, contrary to higher plants, expresses a glycolate dehydrogenase instead of an oxidase to convert glycolate to glyoxylate. The mutation of this enzymatic step, located prior to the branching of phosphoglycolate metabolism into the plant-like C2 cycle and the bacterial-like glycerate pathway, resulted in glycolate accumulation and a growth depression already at high CO2. Similar growth inhibitions were found for a single mutant in the plant-type C2 cycle and more pronounced for a double mutant affected in both the C2 cycle and the glycerate pathway after cultivation at low CO2. These results suggested that cyanobacteria metabolize phosphoglycolate by the cooperative action of the C2 cycle and the glycerate pathway. When exposed to low CO2, glycine decarboxylase knockout mutants accumulated far more glycine and lysine than wild type cells or mutants with inactivated glycerate pathway. This finding and the growth data imply a dominant although not exclusive role of the C2 route in cyanobacterial phosphoglycolate metabolism.
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