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Published on June 30, 2006; 10.1104/pp.106.083022

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Received May 8, 2006
Accepted June 25, 2006

Induction of Differentiation in the Shoot Apical Meristem by Transient Overexpression of a Retinoblastoma-Related Protein

Joanna Wyrzykowska , Martine Schorderet , Stéphane Pien , Wilhelm Gruissem , and Andrew J. Fleming *

Institute of Plant Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Universitätsstrasse 2, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
Department of Biology-Plant Biology, University of Fribourg, 3, rue Albert Gockel, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
Institute of Plant Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Universitätsstrasse 2, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK

* Corresponding author; email: a.fleming{at}sheffield.ac.uk.

The shoot apical meristem contains cells which undergo continual growth and division to generate the building blocks for the aerial portion of the plant. As cells leave the meristem, they undergo differentiation to form specific cell types. Most notably, the heterotrophic cells of the meristem rapidly gain an autotophic capability by the synthesis and assembly of components of the chloroplast. At the same time, cells undergo enlargement via vacuolation. Despite significant advances in the characterisation of transcriptional networks involved in meristem maintenance and leaf determination, our understanding of the actual mechanism of meristem cell differentiation remains very limited. Using a microinduction technique, we show that local, transient overexpression of a retinoblastoma-related protein in the shoot apical meristem is sufficient to trigger cells in the meristem to undergo the initial stages of differentiation. Taken together with recent data showing that the retinoblastoma-related protein plays a key role in restricting stem cell differentiation in the root apical meristem, our data contribute to an emerging picture of retinoblastoma-related proteins as a central part of the mechanism controlling meristem cell differentiation.




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