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Published on October 13, 2006; 10.1104/pp.106.084400

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Received May 31, 2006
Accepted October 6, 2006

NMR Spectroscopy Based Metabolite Profiling of Transgenic Tomato Fruit Engineered to Accumulate Spermidine and Spermine Reveals Enhanced Anabolic and Nitrogen-Carbon Interactions

Autar K. Mattoo *, Anatoli P. Sobolev , Anil Neelam , Ravinder K. Goyal , Avtar K. Handa , and Anna L. Segre

The Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, Building 001, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350
Institute of Chemical Methodologies, CNR, Monterotondo Stazione, Rome, Italy
Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, IN 47907

* Corresponding author; email: mattooa{at}ba.ars.usda.gov.

Polyamines are ubiquitous aliphatic amines that have been implicated in myriad processes but their precise biochemical roles are not fully understood. We have carried out metabolite profiling analyses of transgenic tomato fruit engineered to accumulate higher polyamines, spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) to bring an insight into the metabolic processes that Spd/Spm regulate in plants. NMR spectroscopic analysis revealed distinct metabolite trends in the transgenic and wild-type/azygous fruits ripened off the vine. Distinct metabolites accumulated (Gln, Asn, choline, citrate, fumarate, malate and an unidentified compound A) in the red transgenic fruit while the levels of Val, Asp, sucrose and glucose were significantly lower as compared to the control (wild-type and azygous) red fruit. The levels of Ile, Glu, GABA, Phe and fructose remained similar in the non-transgenic and transgenic fruits. Statistical treatment of the metabolite variables distinguished the control fruits from the transgenic fruit and provided credence to the pronounced, differential metabolite profiles seen during ripening of the transgenic fruits. The pathways involved in the nitrogen sensing/signaling and carbon metabolism seem preferentially activated in the high Spd/Spm transgenics. The metabolite profiling analysis suggest that Spd/Spm are perceived as nitrogenous metabolites by the fruit cells, which in turn results in the stimulation of carbon sequestration. This is seen manifested in higher respiratory activity and up-regulation of PEP carboxylase and NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase transcripts in the transgenic fruit compared to controls indicating high metabolic status of the transgenics even late in fruit ripening.




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