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Published on October 6, 2006; 10.1104/pp.106.085233

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Received June 16, 2006
Accepted September 9, 2006

The BnALMT1 and BnALMT2 Genes From Brassica napus L. Encode Aluminum-Activated Malate Transporters That Enhance the Aluminum Resistance of Plant Cells

Ayalew Ligaba *, Maki Katsuhara , Peter R. Ryan , Mineo Shibasaka , and Hideaki Matsumoto

Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
CSIRO Plant Industry, PO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia

* Corresponding author; email: aligaba{at}rib.okayama-u.ac.jp.

The release of organic anions from roots can protect plants from aluminum (Al) toxicity and help them overcome phosphorus (P) deficiency. Our previous findings (Ligaba et al., 2004; Physiol Plant 120, 575-584) showed that Al treatment induced malate and citrate efflux from rape (Brassica napus L.) roots, and that P-deficiency did not induce the efflux. Since this response is similar to the malate efflux from wheat which is controlled by the TaALMT1 gene (Sasaki et al., 2004; Plant Journal 37, 645-653), we investigated whether homologues of TaALMT1 are present in rape and whether they are involved in the release of organic anions. We isolated two TaALMT1-homologues from rape designated BnALMT1 and BnALMT2 (Brassica napus aluminum-activated malate transporter). The expression of these genes was induced in roots, but not shoots, by Al treatment but phosphorus deficiency had no effect. Several other cations (La, Yb, and Er) also increased BnALMT1 and BnALMT2 expression in the roots. The function of the BnALMT1 and BnALMT2 proteins was investigated by heterologous expression in cultured tobacco cells (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Both transfection systems showed an enhanced capacity for malate efflux, but not citrate, efflux, when exposed to Al. Smaller malate fluxes were also activated by Yb and Er treatment. Transgenic tobacco cells grew significantly better than control cells following an 18 h treatment with Al indicating that the expression of BnALMT1 and BnALMT2 increased the resistance of these plants cells to Al stress. This report demonstrates that homologues of the TaALMT1 gene from wheat perform similar functions in other species.




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