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Published on December 8, 2006; 10.1104/pp.106.088708

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Received September 9, 2006
Accepted November 21, 2006

Gradual Soil Water Depletion Results in Reversible Changes of Gene Expression, Protein Profiles, Ecophysiology and Growth Performance in Populus Euphratica, a Poplar Growing in Arid Regions

Marie-Béatrice Bogeat-Triboulot *, Mikael Brosché , Jenny Renaut , Laurent Jouve , Didier Le Thiec , Payam Fayyaz , Basia Vinocur , Erwin Witters , Kris Laukens , Thomas Teichmann , Arie Altman , Jean-François Hausman , Andrea Polle , Jaakko Kangasjärvi , and Erwin Dreyer

INRA Nancy, UMR1137 INRA-UHP Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières, IFR110 Génomique, Ecophysiologie et Ecologie Fonctionnelle, route d'Amance, F-54280 Champenoux, France
Plant Biology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 65, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
Centre de Recherche Public - Gabriel Lippmann, CREBS, 41 rue du Brill, L- 4422 Belvaux, GD Luxembourg
Institut für Forstbotanik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant, Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, Rehovot 76100, Israel
Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium; Center for Proteome Analysis and Mass Spectrometry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium

* Corresponding author; email: triboulo{at}nancy.inra.fr.

The responses of Populus euphratica Oliv. plants to soil water deficit were assessed by analysing gene expression, protein profiles, and several plant performance criteria, to understand the acclimation of plants to soil water deficit. Young, vegetatively propagated plants originating from an arid, saline field site, were submitted to a gradually increasing water deficit for four weeks in a greenhouse, and were allowed to recover for 10-days after full re-irrigation. Time-dependent changes and intensity of the perturbations induced in shoot and root growth, xylem anatomy, gas exchange and water status were recorded. The expression profiles of approximately 6340 genes and of proteins and metabolites (pigments, soluble carbohydrates and oxidative compounds) were also recorded in mature leaves and in roots (gene expression only) at four stress levels and after recovery. Drought successively induced shoot growth cessation, stomatal closure, moderate increases in oxidative stress-related compounds, loss of CO2 assimilation and root growth reduction. These effects were almost fully reversible, indicating that acclimation was dominant over injury. The physiological responses were paralleled by fully reversible transcriptional changes including only 1.5% of the genes on the array. Protein profiles displayed larger changes than transcript levels. Among the identified proteins for which ESTs were present on the array, no correlation was found between transcript and protein abundance. Acclimation to water deficit involves the regulation of different networks of genes in roots and shoots. Such diverse requirements for protecting and maintaining the function of different plant organs may render plant engineering or breeding towards improved drought tolerance, more complex than previously anticipated.




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