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Published on October 27, 2006; 10.1104/pp.106.089755

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Received September 12, 2006
Accepted October 22, 2006

Systemin in black Nightshade (Solanum nigrum). The Tomato-homologous Polypeptide Does not Mediate Direct Defense Responses

Silvia Schmidt and Ian T. Baldwin *

Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Molecular Ecology, Beutenberg Campus, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany

* Corresponding author; email: Baldwin{at}ice.mpg.de.

We extend Ryan's seminal work on the 18-aa polypeptide, systemin, in tomato's systemic wound response to the closely related solanaceaous species, Solanum nigrum. We compared wild-type (WT) plants to plants transformed with an inverted repeat prosystemin construct (IRSys) to silence the expression of the endogenous S. nigrum prosystemin gene. In WT plants elicited with wounding + oral secretions (OS) from Manduca sexta larvae, trypsin-proteinase inhibitors (TPIs) accumulated even though prosystemin transcripts were down-regulated. Neither reducing the endogenous systemin levels by RNAi nor complementing the plants with systemin by exogenously supplying the polypeptide through excised stems significantly increased TPI activity, indicating that systemin and TPIs are not correlated in S. nigrum. The performance of two herbivore species from two feeding guilds, Manduca sexta larvae and Myzus persicae nicotianae, did not differ between WT and IRSys plants, demonstrating that varying endogenous systemin levels do not alter the direct defenses of S. nigrum. Field experiments with WT and IRSys plants and the flea beetle Epitrix pubescens supported these glasshouse data. That levels of OS-elicited jasmonic acid (JA) did not differ between WT and IRSys plants suggests that systemin is unlikely to mediate jasmonate signaling in S. nigrum as it does in tomato. We conclude that the tomato-homologous polypeptide does not mediate direct defense responses in S. nigrum.




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