Plant Physiology Preview
Published on December 22, 2006; 10.1104/pp.106.090662
OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE
Received October 17, 2006
Accepted December 13, 2006
Arabidopsis Transcriptome Changes in Response to Phloem-feeding Silverleaf Whitefly Nymphs. Similarities and Distinctions in Responses to Aphids
Louisa A. Kempema , Xinping Cui , Frances M. Holzer , and Linda L. Walling *
Department of Botany and Plant Sciences; Department of Statistics, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA USA, 92521-0124
* Corresponding author; email: linda.walling{at}ucr.edu.
Phloem-feeding pests cause extensive crop damage throughout the world yet little is understood about how plants perceive and defend themselves from these threats. The silverleaf whitefly (SLWF; Bemisia tabaci type B) is a good model for studying phloem-feeding insect-plant interactions as SLWF nymphs cause little wounding and have a long, continuous interaction with the plant. Using the Arabidopsis ATH1 GeneChip, 700 transcripts were found to be up-regulated and 556 down-regulated by SLWF nymphs. Closer examination of the regulation of secondary metabolite (glucosinolate) and defense pathway genes after SLWF instar feeding shows that responses were qualitatively and quantitatively different from chewing insects. In addition to the RNA profile distinctions, analysis of SLWF performance on wild-type and pad4 mutants suggest aphid and SLWF interactions with Arabidopisis were distinct. While pad4-1 mutants were more susceptible to aphids, silverleaf whitefly development on pad4-1 and wild type plants was similar. Furthermore, although jasmonic acid genes were repressed and salicylic acid-regulated genes were induced after SLWF feeding, cytological staining of SLWF-infested tissue showed that pathogen defenses, such as localized cell death and hydrogen peroxide accumulation were not observed. Like aphid and fungal pathogens, a callose synthase gene RNAs accumulated and callose deposition was observed in SLWF-infested tissue. These results provide a more comprehensive understanding of phloem-feeding insect-plant interactions and distinguish silverleaf whitefly global responses.
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