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Published on January 5, 2007; 10.1104/pp.106.090761

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Received October 11, 2006
Accepted December 10, 2006

Conservation, Convergence, and Divergence of Light-responsive, Circadian-regulated, and Tissue-specific Expression Patterns during Evolution of the Arabidopsis GATA Gene Family

Iain W. Manfield , Paul F. Devlin , Chih-Hung Jen , David R. Westhead , and Philip M. Gilmartin *

Centre for Plant Sciences, Institute for Integrative and Comparative Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K.; School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX, U.K.; Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K.

* Corresponding author; email: p.m.gilmartin{at}leeds.ac.uk.

In vitro analyses of plant GATA transcription factors have implicated some proteins in light-mediated and circadian-regulated gene expression, and more recently the analysis of mutants has uncovered further diverse roles for plant GATA factors. To facilitate function discovery for the 29 GATA genes in Arabidopsis thaliana, we have experimentally verified gene structures and determined expression patterns of all family members across adult tissues and suspension cell cultures, as well as in response to light and signals from the circadian clock. These analyses have identified two genes which are strongly developmentally light-regulated, expressed predominantly in photosynthetic tissue, and with transcript abundance peaking before dawn. In contrast, several GATA factor genes are light down-regulated. The products of these light-regulated genes are candidates for those proteins previously implicated in light-regulated transcription. Co-expression of these genes with well-characterised light-responsive transcripts across a large microarray data set supports these predictions. Other genes show additional tissue-specific expression patterns suggesting novel and unpredicted roles. Genome wide analysis using co- expression scatter plots for paralogous gene pairs reveals unexpected differences in co-correlated gene expression profiles. Clustering the Arabidopsis GATA factor gene family by similarity of expression patterns reveals that genes of recent descent do not uniformly show conserved current expression profiles, yet some genes showing more distant evolutionary origins have acquired common expression patterns. In addition to defining developmental and environmental dynamics of GATA transcript abundance these analyses offer new insights into the evolution of gene expression profiles following gene duplication events.




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