Plant Physiol. Drug Metab Dispos
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Published on November 17, 2006; 10.1104/pp.106.090928

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Received October 9, 2006
Accepted November 7, 2006

Cold Transiently Activates Calcium-permeable Channels in Arabidopsis Mesophyll Cells

Armando Carpaneto , Natalya Ivashikina , Victor Levchenko , Elzbieta Krol , Elena Jeworutzki , Jian-Kang Zhu , and Rainer Hedrich *

Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute of Biosciences, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute of Biosciences, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany; School of Biological Sciences, University of Wales Bangor, Deiniol Road, Bangor, LL57 2UW, Wales, UK
Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute of Biosciences, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute of Biosciences, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
Institute for Integrative Genome Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521

* Corresponding author; email: hedrich{at}botanik.uni-wuerzburg.de.

Living organisms are capable of discriminating thermal stimuli from noxious cold to noxious heat. Since more than thirty years it has been known that plant cells respond to cold with a large and transient depolarisation. Recently, using transgenic Arabidopsis expressing the calcium sensitive protein aequorin, an increase in cytosolic calcium following cold treatment was observed. Applying the patch-clamp technique to Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts we could identify a transient plasma membrane conductance induced by rapid cooling. This Cold-Induced Transient Conductance (CITC) was characterized as an outward rectifying 33 pS non-selective cation channel. The permeability ratio between calcium and cesium was 0.7 pointing to a permeation pore >3.34 Å (ø of Cs). Our experiments thus provide direct evidence for the predicted but not yet measured cold-activated calcium-permeable channel in plants.






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