Plant Physiology Preview Published on January 12, 2007; 10.1104/pp.106.090985
OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE
Received October 6, 2006
Accepted November 28, 2006
The Lipopolysaccharide of Sinorhizobium meliloti Suppresses defense-associated Gene Expression in Cell Cultures of the Host Plant Medicago truncatula
Verena Tellström , Björn Usadel , Oliver Thimm , Mark Stitt , Helge Küster , and Karsten Niehaus *
Proteom und Metabolomforschung, Fakultät für Biologie, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany
Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Postfach 14424, Potsdam, Germany
Institut für Genomforschung, Center for Biotechnology, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, D-33594 Bielefeld, Germany
* Corresponding author; email: karsten.niehaus{at}genetik.uni-bielefeld.de.
In the establishment of the symbiosis between Medicago truncatula and the nitrogen-fixing bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the microsymbiont plays an important role as a signal molecule. It has been shown in cell cultures that the LPS is able to suppress an elicitor induced oxidative burst. To investigate the effect of S. meliloti LPS on defense-associated gene expression a microarray experiment was performed. For the evaluation of the M. truncatula microarray datasets the software tool MapMan that was initially developed for the visualization of Arabidopsis thaliana datasets was adapted, by assigning Medicago genes to the ontology originally created for Arabidopsis. This allowed functional visualization of gene expression of M. truncatula suspension cultured cells treated with invertase as an elicitor. A gene expression pattern characteristic for a defense response was observed. Concomitant treatment of M. truncatula suspension cultured cells with invertase and S. meliloti LPS leads to a lower level of induction of defense-associated genes, compared to induction rates in cells treated with invertase alone. This suppression of defense-associated transcriptional rearrangement affects genes induced as well as repressed by elicitation and acts on transcripts connected to virtually all kinds of cellular processes. This indicates that LPS of the symbiont not only suppresses fast defense responses as the oxidative burst but also exerts long-term influences, including transcriptional adjustment to pathogen attack. These data indicate a role for LPS during the infection of the plant by its symbiotic partner.
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