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Published on January 26, 2007; 10.1104/pp.106.091405

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Received October 21, 2006
Accepted January 12, 2007

Osmo-Sensitive and Stretch-Activated Calcium Permeable Channels in Vicia faba Guard Cells Are Regulated by Actin Dynamics

Wei Zhang , Liu-Min Fan , and Wei-Hua Wu *

The State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPP), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China

* Corresponding author; email: wuwh{at}public3.bta.net.cn.

In responses to a number of environmental stimuli, changes of cytoplasmic [Ca2+]cyt in stomatal guard cells plays important roles in regulation of stomatal movements. In the present study, the osmo-sensitive and stretch-activated (SA) Ca2+ channels in the PM of Vicia faba guard cells are identified and their regulation by osmotic changes and actin dynamics are characterized. The identified Ca2+ channels were activated under hypotonic conditions at both whole-cell and single-channel levels. The channels were also activated by a stretch force directly applied to the membrane patches. The channel-mediated inward currents observed under hypotonic conditions or in the presence of a stretch force were blocked by the Ca2+ channel inhibitor Gd3+. Disruption of actin filaments activated SA Ca2+ channels, whereas stabilization of actin filaments blocked the channel activation induced by stretch or hypotonic treatment, indicating that actin dynamics may mediate the stretch-activation of these channels. In addition, [Ca2+]cyt imaging demonstrated that both the hypotonic treatment and disruption of actin filaments induced significant Ca2+ elevation in guard cell protoplasts, which is consistent with the presented electrophysiological results. It is concluded that stomatal guard cells may utilize SA Ca2+ channels as osmo-sensors, by which swelling of guard cells causes elevation of [Ca2+]cyt and consequently inhibits over-swelling of guard cells. This SA Ca2+ channel-mediated negative feedback mechanism may coordinate with previously hypothesized positive feedback mechanisms and regulate stomatal movement in response to environmental changes.




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