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Published on December 1, 2006; 10.1104/pp.106.091637

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Received October 19, 2006
Accepted November 17, 2006

Extracellular Proteins in Pisum sativum L. Root Tip and Border Cell Exudates

Fushi Wen , Hans D. VanEtten , George Tsaprailis , and Martha C. Hawes *

Department of Plant Sciences, Division of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ 85721
Center for Toxicology, Pharmacy 205, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ 85721

* Corresponding author; email: mhawes{at}u.arizona.edu.

Newly generated plant tissue is inherently sensitive to infection. Yet, when Pisum sativum roots are inoculated with the pea pathogen, Nectria haematococca, most newly generated root tips remain uninfected even though most roots develop lesions just behind the tip in the region of elongation. The resistance mechanism is unknown but is correlated spatially with the presence of border cells on the cap periphery. Previously, an array of >100 extracellular proteins was found to be released while border cell separation proceeds. Here we report that protein secretion from pea root caps is induced in correlation with border cell separation. When this ‘root cap secretome’ was proteolytically degraded during inoculation of pea roots with N. haematococca, the percentage of infected root tips increased from 4 ± 3% to 100%. In control experiments, protease treatment of conidia or roots had no effect on growth and development of the fungus or the plant. A complex of >100 extracellular proteins was confirmed, by multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT), to comprise the root cap secretome. In addition to defense related and signalling enzymes known to be present in the plant ‘apoplast’ were ribosomal proteins, 14-3-3 proteins and others typically associated with intracellular localization but recently shown to be extracellular components of microbial biofilms. We conclude that the root cap, long known to release a high molecular weight polysaccharide mucilage and thousands of living cells into the incipient rhizosphere, also secretes a complex mixture of proteins that appear to function in protection of the root tip from infection.




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