Plant Physiology Preview
Published on November 10, 2006; 10.1104/pp.106.092106
OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE
Received October 26, 2006
Accepted November 3, 2006
Degradation of Oxidized Proteins by Autophagy during Oxidative Stress in Arabidopsis
Yan Xiong , Anthony L. Contento , Phan Quang Nguyen , and Diane C. Bassham *
Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, 253 Bessey Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Interdepartmental Plant Physiology Program, 253 Bessey Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, 253 Bessey Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, 253 Bessey Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Interdepartmental Genetics Program, 253 Bessey Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, 253 Bessey Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Interdepartmental Plant Physiology Program, 253 Bessey Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Plant Sciences Institute, 253 Bessey Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Interdepartmental Genetics Program, 253 Bessey Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
* Corresponding author; email: bassham{at}iastate.edu.
Upon encountering oxidative stress, proteins are oxidized extensively by highly reactive and toxic reactive oxidative species (ROS), and these damaged, oxidized proteins need to be degraded rapidly and effectively. There are two major proteolytic systems for bulk degradation in eukaryotes, the proteasome and vacuolar autophagy. In mammalian cells, the 20S proteasome and a specific type of vacuolar autophagy, chaperone-mediated autophagy, are involved in the degradation of oxidized proteins in mild oxidative stress. However, little is known about how cells remove oxidized proteins when under severe oxidative stress. Using two macroautophagy markers, monodansylcadaverine (MDC) and GFP-AtATG8e, we here show that application of hydrogen peroxide or the ROS inducer methyl viologen (MV) can induce macroautophagy in Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Macroautophagy-defective RNAi-AtATG18a transgenic plants are more sensitive to MV treatment than wild-type (WT) plants and accumulate a higher level of oxidized proteins due to a lower degradation rate. In the presence of a vacuolar H+-ATPase inhibitor, concanamycin A, oxidized proteins were detected in the vacuole of WT root cells but not RNAi-AtATG18a root cells. Together, our results indicate that autophagy is involved in degrading oxidized proteins under oxidative stress conditions in Arabidopsis.
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