Plant Physiol. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Published on January 12, 2007; 10.1104/pp.106.092254

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Received October 31, 2006
Accepted December 20, 2006

DELLAs Contribute to Plant Photomorphogenesis

Patrick Achard , Lili Liao , Caifu Jiang , Thierry Desnos , Joanne Bartlett , Xiangdong Fu , and Nicholas P. Harberd *

John Innes Centre, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom; The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China; and Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, CEA Cadarache 13108 Saint Paul les Durance Cedex, France

* Corresponding author; email: nicholas.harberd{at}bbsrc.ac.uk.

Plant morphogenesis is profoundly influenced by light (a phenomenon known as photomorphogenesis). For example, light inhibits seedling hypocotyl growth via activation of phytochrome and additional photoreceptors. Subsequently, information is transmitted through photoreceptor-linked signal-transduction pathways, and used (via previously unknown mechanisms) to control hypocotyl growth. Here we show that light-inhibition of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) hypocotyl growth is in part dependent on the DELLAs (a family of nuclear growth-restraining proteins that mediate the effect of the phytohormone gibberellin on growth). We show that light-inhibition of growth is reduced in DELLA-deficient mutant hypocotyls. We also show that light-activation of phytochromes promotes the accumulation of DELLAs. A GFP-tagged DELLA (GFP-RGA) accumulates in elongating cells of light-grown but not dark-grown transgenic wild-type hypocotyls. Furthermore, transfer of seedlings from light to dark (or vice versa) results in rapid changes in hypocotyl GFP-RGA accumulation, changes that are paralleled by rapid alterations in the abundance in hypocotyls of transcripts encoding enzymes of GA metabolism. These observations suggest that light-dependent changes in hypocotyl GFP-RGA accumulation are a consequence of light-dependent changes in bioactive GA level. Finally, we show that GFP-accumulation and quantitative modulation of hypocotyl growth is proportionate with light energy dose (the product of exposure duration and fluence rate). Hence DELLAs inhibit hypocotyl growth during the light phase of the day-night cycle, via a mechanism that is quantitatively responsive to natural light variability. We conclude that DELLAs are a major component of the adaptively significant mechanism via which light regulates plant growth during photomorphogenesis.




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