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Published on January 26, 2007; 10.1104/pp.106.092312

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Received October 30, 2006
Accepted January 12, 2007

Increased Air Temperature during Simulated Autumn Conditions Does Not Increase Photosynthetic Carbon Gain but Affects the Dissipation of Excess Energy in Seedlings of the Evergreen Conifer Pinus banksiana

Florian Busch , Norman P.A. Hüner , and Ingo Ensminger *

Department of Biology and The BIOTRON, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B7; Institute of Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere ICG-III: Phytosphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Golm, Germany

* Corresponding author; email: ensminger{at}gmx.net.

Temperature and daylength act as environmental signals which determine the length of the growing season in boreal evergreen conifers. Climate change might affect the seasonal development of these trees, as they will experience naturally decreasing daylength during autumn, while at the same time warmer air temperature will maintain photosynthesis and respiration. We characterized the downregulation of photosynthetic gas exchange and the mechanisms involved in the dissipation of energy in Jack pine (Pinus banksiana) in controlled environments during a simulated summer-autumn transition under natural and under conditions with altered air temperature and altered photoperiod. Using a factorial design we dissected the effects of daylength and temperature. Control plants were grown at either summer conditions with 16h photoperiod and 22°C (LD/HT), or conditions representing autumn with 8h/7°C (SD/LT). To assess the impact of photoperiod and temperature on photosynthesis and energy dissipation, plants were also grown under either cold summer (16h/7°C; LD/LT) or warm autumn conditions (8h/22°C; SD/HT). Photosynthetic gas exchange was affected by both daylength and temperature. Assimilation and respiration rates under warm autumn conditions were only about half of the summer values but were similar to values obtained for LD/LT and SD/LT treatments. In contrast, photosynthetic efficiency was largely determined by temperature, but not by daylength. Plants of different treatments followed different strategies for dissipating excess energy. Whereas in the LD/HT treatment safe dissipation of excess energy was facilitated via zeaxanthin, in all other treatments dissipation of excess energy was facilitated predominantly via increased aggregation of the light harvesting complex of photosystem II. These differences were accompanied by a lower de-epoxidation state and larger amounts of ß-carotene in the SD/HT treatment as well as by changes in the abundance of thylakoid membrane proteins compared to the summer condition. We conclude that photoperiod control of dormancy in P. banksiana appears to negate any potential for an increased carbon gain associated with higher temperatures during the autumn season.




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