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Plant Physiology Preview Published on December 1, 2006; 10.1104/pp.106.092643
Received November 5, 2006 Ca2+-dependent and -independent ABA Activation of Plasma Membrane Anion Channels in Guard Cells of Nicotiana tabacum
University of Würzburg, Biocenter, Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany * Corresponding author; email: hedrich{at}botanik.uni-wuerzburg.de.
Drought induces stomatal closure, a response that is associated with the activation of plasma membrane anion channels in guard cells, by the phytohormone ABA. In several species, this response is associated with changes in the cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration. In Vicia faba, however, guard cell anion channels activate in a Ca2+-independent manner (Levchenko et al., 2005, PNAS 102; 4203-4208). Because of potential differences between species, Nicotiana tabacum guard cells were studied in intact plants, with simultaneous recordings of the plasma membrane conductance and the cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration. ABA triggered transient rises in cytoplasmic Ca2+ in the majority of the guard cells (14 out of 19). In 7 out of 14 guard cells the change in cytoplasmic free Ca2+ closely matched the activation of anion channels, while the Ca2+ rise was delayed in 7 other cells. In the remaining 5 cells, ABA stimulated anion channels without a change in the cytoplasmic Ca2+ level. Even though ABA could activate anion channels in N. tabacum guard cells independent of a rise in the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration, patch clamp experiments showed that anion channels in these cells are stimulated by elevated Ca2+, in an ATP-dependent manner. Guard cells thus seem to have evolved both Ca2+-independent and -dependent ABA signalling pathways. Guard cells of N. tabacum apparently utilize both pathways, while ABA signalling in V. faba seems to be restricted to the Ca2+-independent pathway.
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