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Published on December 8, 2006; 10.1104/pp.106.092700

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Received November 6, 2006
Accepted December 3, 2006

ABA antagonizes ethylene-induced hyponastic growth in Arabidopsis

Joris J. Benschop , Frank F. Millenaar , Maaike E. Smeets , Martijn van Zanten , Laurentius A.C.J. Voesenek , and Anton J.M. Peeters *

Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Sorbonnelaan 16, 3584CA, Utrecht, The Netherlands

* Corresponding author; email: a.j.m.peeters{at}bio.uu.nl.

Ethylene induces enhanced differential growth in petioles of Arabidopsis thaliana, resulting in an upward movement of the leaf blades (hyponastic growth). The amplitude of this effect differs between accessions, with Columbia-0 (Col-0) showing a large response while in Landsberg erecta (Ler) hyponastic growth is minimal. Abscisic acid (ABA) was found to act as an inhibitory factor of this response in both accessions, but the relationship between ethylene and ABA differed between the two: the ability of ABA to inhibit ethylene-induced hyponasty was significantly more pronounced in Col-0. Mutations in ABI1 or ABI3 induced a strong ethylene-regulated hyponastic growth in the less responsive accession Ler, while the response was abolished in the ABA hypersensitive era1 in Col-0. Modifications in ABA levels altered petiole angles in the absence of applied ethylene, indicating that ABA influences petiole angels also independent from ethylene. A model is proposed whereby the negative effect of ABA on hyponastic growth is overcome by ethylene in Col-0, but not in Ler. However, when ABA signalling is artificially released in Ler, this regulatory mechanism is bypassed, resulting in a strong hyponastic response in this accession.




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