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Published on March 2, 2007; 10.1104/pp.106.094474

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Received December 8, 2006
Accepted February 15, 2007

Iron Acquisition by Phytosiderophores Contributes to Cadmium Tolerance

Anderson R. Meda , Enrico B. Scheuermann , Uli Prechsl , Bülent Erenoglu , Gabriel Schaaf , Heiko Hayen , Günther Weber , and Nicolaus von Wirén *

Molecular Plant Nutrition, Institute of Plant Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany; Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Cukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey; ISAS - Institute for Analytical Sciences, Dortmund, Germany

* Corresponding author; email: vonwiren{at}uni-hohenheim.de.

Based on the ability of phytosiderophores to chelate other heavy metals besides iron (Fe), phytosiderophores were suggested to prevent graminaceous plants from cadmium (Cd) toxicity. To assess interactions between Cd and phytosiderophore-mediated Fe acquisition, maize plants were grown hydroponically under limiting Fe supply. Exposure to Cd decreased uptake rates of 59Fe(III)-phytosiderophores and enhanced the expression of the Fe-phytosiderophore transporter gene ZmYS1 in roots as well as the release of the phytosiderophore 2-deoxymugineic acid (DMA) from roots under Fe deficiency. However, DMA hardly mobilized Cd from soil or from a Cd-loaded resin in comparison to the synthetic chelators DTPA or HEDTA. While nano-electrospray-high resolution mass spectrometry revealed the formation of an intact Cd(II)-DMA complex in aqueous solutions, competition studies with Fe(III) and Zn(II) showed that the formed Cd(II)-DMA complex was weak. Unlike HEDTA, DMA did not protect yeast cells from Cd toxicity but improved yeast growth in the presence of Cd when yeast cells expressed ZmYS1. When supplied with Fe-DMA as a Fe source, transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing a CaMV35S-ZmYS1 gene construct showed less growth depression than wildtype plants in response to Cd. These results indicate that inhibition of ZmYS1-mediated Fe-DMA transport by Cd is not related to Cd-DMA complex formation and that Cd-induced phytosiderophore release cannot protect maize plants from Cd toxicity. Instead, phytosiderophore-mediated Fe acquisition can improve Fe uptake in the presence of Cd and thereby provides an advantage under Cd stress relative to Fe acquisition via ferrous Fe.




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