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Published on March 30, 2007; 10.1104/pp.106.094987

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Received December 18, 2006
Accepted March 20, 2007

Transcript Profiling of Poplar Leaves upon Infection with Compatible and Incompatible Strains of the Foliar Rust Melampsora larici-populina

Cécile Rinaldi , Annegret Kohler , Pascal Frey , Frédéric Duchaussoy , Nathalie Ningre , Arnaud Couloux , Patrick Wincker , Didier Le Thiec , Silvia Fluch , Francis Martin , and Sébastien Duplessis *

UMR1136 INRA /Nancy Université Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes, Centre INRA de Nancy, F-54280 Champenoux, France; UMR1137 INRA /Nancy Université Ecophysiologie et Ecologie Forestières, Centre INRA de Nancy, F-54280 Champenoux, France; GENOSCOPE CNRS UMR 8030, Centre National de Séquençage, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, F-91057 EVRY Cedex, France; PICME, ARC Seibersdorf research GmbH Biogenetics, A-2444 Seibersdorf

* Corresponding author; email: duplessi{at}nancy.inra.fr.

To understand key processes governing defense mechanisms in poplar upon infection with the rust fungus Melampsora larici-populina, we used combined histological and molecular techniques to describe the infection of Populus trichocarpa x Populus deltoides ‘Beaupré’ leaves by compatible and incompatible fungal strains. Striking differences in host-tissue infection were observed after 48 hours post inoculation (hpi) between compatible and incompatible interactions. No ROS production could be detected at infection sites while a strong accumulation of monolignols occurred in the incompatible interaction after 48 hpi indicating a late plant response once the fungus already penetrated host cells to form haustorial infection structures. P. trichocarpa whole genome expression oligoarrays and sequencing of cDNAs were used to determine changes in gene expression in both interactions at 48 hpi. Temporal expression profiling of infection-regulated transcripts were further compared by cDNA arrays and RT-qPCR. Among 1730 significantly differentially expressed transcripts in the incompatible interaction, 150 showed an increase in concentration ≥ 3-fold, whereas 62 were decreased by ≥ 3-fold. Regulated transcripts corresponded to known genes targeted by R-genes in plant pathosystems, such as inositol-3-phosphate synthase, glutathione S-transferases and pathogenesis-related proteins. However, the transcript showing the highest rust-induced up-regulation encodes a putative secreted protein with no known function. In contrast, only a few transcripts showed an altered expression in the compatible interaction, suggesting a delay in defense response between incompatible and compatible interactions in poplar. This comprehensive analysis of early molecular responses of poplar to M. larici-populina infection identified key genes that likely contain the fungus proliferation in planta.




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