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Published on April 13, 2007; 10.1104/pp.106.095133

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Received December 20, 2006
Accepted April 5, 2007

A Major QTL for Cd Tolerance in Arabidopsis halleri Co-localizes with HMA4, a Gene Encoding a Heavy Metal ATPase

Mikael Courbot , Glenda Willems , Patrick Motte , Samuel Arvidsson , Nancy Roosens , Pierre Saumitou-Laprade , and Nathalie Verbruggen *

Laboratoire de Physiologie et de Génétique moléculaire des Plantes, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine - CP242 - Bd du Triomphe, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; Laboratoire de Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, UMR CNRS 8016, FR CNRS 1818, Université de Lille 1, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France; Laboratory of Plant Cell and Molecular Biology and Center for Assistance in Technology of Microscopy (CATM), University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium

* Corresponding author; email: nverbru{at}ulb.ac.be.

Cd tolerance seems to be a constitutive species-level trait in Arabidopsis halleri ssp. halleri. Therefore an interspecific cross was made between A. halleri and its closest non-tolerant interfertile relative, A. lyrata ssp. petraea, and a first generation backcross population (BC1) was used to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for Cd tolerance. Three QTL were identified, which explained 43, 24 and 16 % of the phenotypic variation in the mapping population. HMA4, encoding a predicted heavy metal ATPase, co-localized with the peak of the major QTL Cdtol-1 and was consequently further studied. HMA4 transcripts levels were higher in the roots and the shoots of A. halleri than in A. l. petraea. Furthermore, HMA4 was also more highly expressed in all BC1 genotypes harbouring the HMA4 A. halleri allele at the QTL Cdtol-1, independently of the presence of an A. halleri allele at the two other QTL. Overexpression of AhHMA4 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae supported a role of HMA4 in Zn and Cd transport by reducing the Cd and Zn contents of the yeast cells. In epidermal tobacco cells, AhHMA4:GFP was clearly localized in the plasma membrane. Taken together, all available data point to the elevated expression of HMA4 P1B-type ATPase as an efficient mechanism for improving Cd/Zn tolerance in plants under conditions of Cd/Zn excess by maintaining low cellular Cd2+ and Zn2+ concentrations in the cytoplasm.




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