Plant Physiology Preview
Published on February 23, 2007; 10.1104/pp.107.096057
OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE
Received January 18, 2007
Accepted February 13, 2007
Gene Expression Profiling Reveals Defined Functions of the ABC Transporter COMATOSE Late in Phase II of Germination
Esther Carrera , Tara Holman , Anne Medhurst , Wendy Peer , Heike Schmuths , Steven Footitt , Frederica L. Theodoulou , and Michael J. Holdsworth *
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, School of BioSciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
* Corresponding author; email: michael.Holdsworth{at}nottingham.ac.uk.
Phase II of germination represents a key developmental stage of plant growth, during which imbibed seeds either enter stage III of germination, completing the germination process via radicle protrusion, or remain dormant. In this study we analysed the influence of the peroxisomal ABC transporter COMATOSE (CTS) on the post-imbibition seed transcriptome of Arabidopsis thaliana, and also investigated interactions between gibberellin (GA) and CTS function. A novel method for analysis of transcriptome datasets allowed visualisation of developmental signatures of seeds, showing that cts-1 retains the capacity to after-ripen, indicating a germination block late in phase II. Expression of the key GA biosynthetic genes GA3ox1 and 2 was greatly reduced in cts seeds, and genetic analysis suggested that CTS was epistatic to RGL2, a germination repressing DELLA protein which is degraded by GA. Comparative analysis of seed transcriptome datasets indicated that specific cohorts of genes were influenced by GA and CTS. CTS function was required for expression of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. Confocal imaging demonstrated the exclusive accumulation of flavonoids in the epidermis of wild-type seeds. In contrast, flavonoids were absent from cts and kat2-1 mutant seeds, but accumulated following the application of sucrose, indicating an essential role for beta-oxidation in inducing flavonoid biosynthetic genes. These results demonstrate that CTS functions very late in phase II of germination and that its function is required for the expression of specific gene sets related to an important biochemical pathway associated with seedling establishment and survival.
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