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Published on March 9, 2007; 10.1104/pp.107.096131

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Received January 18, 2007
Accepted February 27, 2007

Nitric Oxide and cGMP Signaling in Calcium-Dependent Development of Cell Polarity in Ceratopteris richardii

Mari L. Salmi , Kacey E. Morris , Stanley J. Roux , and D. Marshall Porterfield *

Section of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, MO, 65409; Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering and Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2093

* Corresponding author; email: porterf{at}purdue.edu.

Single-celled spores of the fern Ceratopteris richardii undergo gravity-directed cell polarity development that is driven by polar calcium currents. Here we present results that establish a role for NO/cGMP signaling in transducing the stimulus of gravity to directed polarization of the spores. Application of specific NO donors and scavengers inhibited the calcium-dependent gravity response in a dose-dependent manner. The effects of NO donor exposure were antagonized by application of NO scavenger compounds. Similarly, the guanylate cyclase inhibitors LY83583 and ODQ, and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor Viagra®, which modulate NO-dependent cGMP levels in the cells, disrupted gravity-directed cell polarity in a dose-dependent manner. Viagra® effects were antagonized by application of NO scavengers, consistent with the postulate that NO and cGMP are linked in the signaling pathway. To identify other components of the signaling system we analyzed gene expression changes induced by Viagra® treatment using microarrays and quantitative real-time RT-PCR (Q RT-PCR). Preliminary microarray analysis revealed several genes whose expression was significantly altered by Viagra® treatment. Three of these genes had strong sequence similarity to key signal transduction or stress response genes, and Q RT-PCR was used to more rigorously quantify the effects of Viagra® on their expression in spores and to test how closely these effects could be mimicked by treatment with dibutyryl cGMP. Taken together our, results implicate NO and cGMP as downstream effectors that help link the gravity stimulus to polarized growth in C. richardii spores.






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