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Published on April 27, 2007; 10.1104/pp.107.096933

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Received January 31, 2007
Accepted April 13, 2007

Temporal and Spatial Expression of the Major Allergens in Developing and Germinating Peanut Seed

Il-Ho Kang , Pratibha Srivastava , Peggy Ozias-Akins , and Maria Gallo *

Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112; Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610; Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA 31793; Agronomy Department, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, and The Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-3610

* Corresponding author; email: mgm{at}ufl.edu.

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seed proteins, Ara h 1, Ara h 2 and Ara h 3, are considered to be the major peanut allergens. However, little is known about their temporal and spatial expression during seed development and upon germination and seedling growth. In this study, transcript levels of the three major peanut allergen genes, ara h 1, ara h 2 and ara h 3, and their corresponding proteins were found in all cultivars. Expression patterns were heterogeneous depending on the specific peanut allergen gene and the cultivars tested. However, ara h 3 expression patterns among the cultivars were more variable than ara h 1 and ara h 2. Transcripts were tissue specific, observed in seeds, but not in leaves, flowers, or roots and were undetectable during seed germination. In situ hybridizations and immuno-tissue prints revealed that both embryonic axes and cotyledons expressed the allergens. However, more ara h 1 and ara h 3 mRNA was detected in cotyledons relative to embryonic axes. Allergen polypeptide degradation patterns were different in embryonic axes compared with cotyledons during germination and seedling growth with levels of Ara h 1 and Ara h 2 being dramatically reduced compared to the Ara h 3 polypeptides in embryonic axes. These characterization studies of major peanut allergen genes and their corresponding seed storage proteins can provide the basic information needed for biochemical and molecular approaches to obtain a hypoallergenic peanut.






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