Plant Physiology Preview
Published on April 13, 2007; 10.1104/pp.107.097568
OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE
Received February 5, 2007
Accepted April 2, 2007
Apyrases (NTPDases) Play Key Role in Growth Control in Arabidopsis
Jian Wu , Iris Steinebrunner , Yu Sun , Timothy Butterfield , Jonathan Torres , David Arnold , Anthonio Gonzalez , Francis Jacob , Stuart Reichler , and Stanley J. Roux *
Section of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712; Section of Molecular Biotechnology, Technical University of Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
* Corresponding author; email: sroux{at}uts.cc.utexas.edu.
The expression of two Arabidopsis thaliana apyrase (NTPDase) genes with high similarity, APY1 and APY2, was analyzed during seedling development and under different light treatments using beta-glucuronidase fusion constructs with the promoters of both genes. As evaluated by glucuronidase staining, and independently confirmed by other methods, the highest expression of both apyrases was in rapidly growing tissues and/or tissues that accumulate high auxin levels. Red-light treatment of etiolated seedlings suppressed the protein and message level of both apyrases at least as rapidly as it inhibited hypocotyl growth. Adult apy1 and apy2 single mutants had near normal growth, but apy1/apy2 double-knockout plants were dwarf, due primarily to reduced cell elongation. Pollen tubes and etiolated hypocotyls overexpressing an apyrase had faster growth rates than that of wild-type plants. Growing pollen tubes released ATP into the growth medium, and suppression of apyrase activity by anti-apyrase antibodies or by inhibitors simultaneously increased medium ATP levels and inhibited pollen tube growth. These results imply that APY1 and APY2, like their homologues in animals, act to reduce the concentration of extracellular nucleotides, and that this function is important for the regulation of growth in Arabidopsis.
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