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Published on March 23, 2007; 10.1104/pp.107.098202

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Received February 16, 2007
Accepted March 15, 2007

Cloning and Characterization of Unusual Fatty Acid Desaturases from Anemone leveillei. Identification of an Acyl-CoA C20 delta-5-desaturase Responsible for the Synthesis of Sciadonic Acid

Olga Sayanova , Richard Haslam , Monica Venegas-Caleron , and Johnathan A. Napier *

Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, HertsAL5 2JQ, UK

* Corresponding author; email: johnathan.napier{at}bbsrc.ac.uk.

The seed oil of Anemone leveillei contains significant amounts of sciadonic acid (20:3{Delta}5,11,14), an unusual non-methylene-interupted fatty acid with pharmaceutical potential similar to arachidonic acid. Two candidate cDNAs (AL10 and AL21) for the C20 {Delta}5cis-desaturase from developing seeds of A. leveillei were functionally characterized in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. The open reading frames of both {Delta}5-desaturases showed some similarity to presumptive acyl-CoA desaturases found in animals and plants. When expressed in transgenic Arabidopsis, AL21 showed a broad range of substrate specificity, utilizing both saturated (16:0 and 18:0) and unsaturated (18:2, n-6 and 18:3, n-3) substrates. In contrast, AL10 did not show any activity in wild type Arabidopsis. Co-expression of AL10 or AL21 with a C18-{Delta}9 -elongase in transgenic Arabidopsis plants resulted in the production of sciadonic acid and juniperonic fatty acid (20:4{Delta}5,11,14,17). Thus, AL10 acted only on C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids in a manner analogous to "front-end" desaturases. However, neither AL10 nor AL21 contain the cytochrome b5 domain normally present in this class of enzymes. Acyl-CoA profiling of transgenic Arabidopsis plants and developing A. leveillei seeds revealed significant accumulation of {Delta}5-unsaturated fatty acids as acyl-CoAs compared to the accumulation of these fatty acids in total lipids. Positional analysis of triacylglycerols of A. leveillei seeds showed that {Delta}5-desaturated fatty acids were present in both sn-2 and sn-1+sn-3 positions, although the majority of 16:1{Delta}5, 18:1{Delta}5 and sciadonic acid were present at the sn-2 position. Our data provides biochemical evidence for the A. leveillei {Delta}5-desaturases using acyl-CoA substrates.




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