Plant Physiology Preview
Published on April 13, 2007; 10.1104/pp.107.098814
OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE
Received March 4, 2007
Accepted April 2, 2007
tie-dyed1 Functions Non-Cell-Autonomously to Control Carbohydrate Accumulation in Maize Leaves
R. Frank Baker and David M. Braun *
Department of Biology, 208 Mueller Lab, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
* Corresponding author; email: dbraun{at}psu.edu.
The tie-dyed1 (tdy1) mutant of maize (Zea mays) produces chlorotic, anthocyanin accumulating regions in leaves due to the hyperaccumulation of carbohydrates. Based on the nonclonal pattern, we propose that the accumulation of sucrose or another sugar induces the tdy1 phenotype. The boundaries of regions expressing the tdy1 phenotype frequently occur at lateral veins. This suggests that lateral veins act to limit the expansion of tdy1 phenotypic regions by transporting sucrose out of the tissue. Double mutant studies between tdy1 and chloroplast impaired mutants demonstrate that functional chloroplasts are needed to generate the sucrose that induces the tdy1 phenotype. However, we also found that albino cells can express the tdy1 phenotype and overaccumulate sucrose imported from neighboring green tissues. To characterize the site and mode of action of Tdy1, we performed a clonal mosaic analysis. In the transverse dimension, we localized the function of Tdy1 to the innermost leaf layer. Additionally, we determined that if this layer lacks Tdy1, sucrose can accumulate, move into adjacent genetically wild type layers and induce tdy1 phenotypic expression. In the lateral dimension, we observed that a tdy1 phenotypic region did not reach the mosaic sector boundary, suggesting that wild type Tdy1 acts non-cell-autonomously and exerts a short-range compensatory effect on neighboring mutant tissue. A model proposing that Tdy1 functions in the vasculature to sense high concentrations of sugar, up-regulate sucrose transport into veins and promote tissue differentiation and function is discussed.
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